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Saturday, August 2, 2014
Spectral colors
Spectral colors
The familiar colors of the
rainbow in the
spectrum
– named using the Latin
word for appearance
or apparition
by Isaac Newton
in 1671 – include all those colors that can be produced by visible
light of a single wavelength only, the pure
spectral or
monochromatic
colors. The table at
right shows approximate frequencies (in terahertz)
and wavelengths (in nanometers)
for various pure spectral colors. The wavelengths listed are as
measured in air or vacuum
(see refractive
index).
The color table should not be
interpreted as a definitive list – the pure spectral colors form a
continuous spectrum, and how it is divided into distinct colors
linguistically is
a matter of culture and historical contingency (although people
everywhere have been shown to perceive
colors in the same way. A common list identifies six main bands: red,
orange, yellow, green, blue, and violet. Newton's conception included
a seventh color, indigo,
between blue and purple. It is possible that what Newton referred to
as blue is nearer to what today we call cyan,
and that indigo was simply the dark blue of the indigo
dye that was being imported at the time.
The intensity
of a spectral color, relative to the context in which it is viewed,
may alter its perception considerably; for example, a low-intensity
orange-yellow is brown,
and a low-intensity yellow-green is olive-green.
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